Everyone operates an AGPS service these days. Without it, you'd have to wait at least 12.5 minutes from a fully cold start (and likely, if you missed a data packet, double or triple that) until the GPS receiver has all the almanac data [1].
I may actually use gps once or twice a week only, disable geolocalisation when it is possible on all apps I am using.
There is no justifiable reason to say gps is not possible without this. Besides you should be able to decide you don't mind waiting 15 minutes to get full gps service.
Also there's not really any good justification for the amount of data sent with the AGPS request. It can be a super plain HTTPS request with nothing else, instead of sending basically all of the tracking data from the device, including from what I can tell the IMEI which google doesn't even let app developers access anymore.
There is no private data in the request. The request is HTTP and authors could have analyzed them and discovered there is nothing in them. Instead, they published a list of things that Qualcomm privacy policy could include.
Do you have an actual copy of a example request (with all headers) from an manufacturer's ROM? There's a lot of discussion but no-one has actually posted the full HTTP request, but there is a lot of stuff which indicates there might be a lot more information in the request on official ROMs (especially those using qualcomm's daemon). I know grapheneOS keeps it to the bare minimum required.
I might be wrong; it was merely speculated in the article due to the fact that Qualcomm chips are used also in Apple smartphones. An audit would be needed.
iPhone involves a lot of telemetry which Apple sends it to itself. We don’t know what kind of contract Apple has with Qualcomm but if it involves Apple anonymising and sending the data to Qualcomm for using its chips then it’s likely going to be the same just in a different form. I’m pretty sure Qualcomm would like some kind of telemetry from its partners it sells chips to.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_signals#Almanac