A rejected cookie preference could be stored client side in local storage and depending on that value you could decide whether to show the cookie prompt.
Directive 2002/58/EC applies to any "hidden information" stored on users' computers. It's irrelevant whether you use cookies or localStorage or IndexedDB. Regardless of what you use to store data on the user's computer, you have to "ensure that users are made aware of information being placed on the terminal equipment", and users must "have the opportunity to refuse to have a cookie or similar device stored on their terminal equipment."
However, the ICO has suggested that saying "I refuse to allow any cookies on my computer" could be taken as implied consent to allow a cookie stating such.
Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX...
However, the ICO has suggested that saying "I refuse to allow any cookies on my computer" could be taken as implied consent to allow a cookie stating such.