This is a 5 year old video about how search works. They are already talking about using machine learning for ranking wich is kinda like AI depending on your definition.
I have a good knowledge of how search engines work (having built search myself several times in the past), but the recent use of ChatGPT and other variations of the same theme brought me to the conclusion that there might not be any pure search engines left that are not using 'AI' (or more precisely LLM).
People in this community are also worried about these issues, e.g.:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35601128
so I'm definitely not the only one.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVV_93mBfSU