[valenterry]

I think that glue-issues are especially well captured by languages with good static type-system. Moreso than in languages without static types, because when it comes to glueing, there are many things, especially errors, to consider that can easily be forgotten without the help of a compiler.

However, a language with an insufficient type-system indeed makes things harder than they are without it. I would count all the languages you listed into this category.

As another poster mentioned, typescript is fairly expressive. There are other (production) languages too, such as Scala or maybe D. And there are lots of academic/very-niche languages.

> It's just tiresome that everyone wants to come in and add types to things that don't need them

Well, types are there, if you like them or not. There's a reason that you have e.g. typeof in javascript, gettype in PHP. The question is rather if you explicitly annotate them or not. But yeah, sometimes it's not helpful to annotate types, especially if the language is incapable of expressing the correct type anyways, which is true for most programming languages.