Love the books by mwl. Have physical copies of several of them, and the whole bunch of the ebook versions. Currently reading one of the physical copies. The one about Ed I have in ebook format only and didn’t read it yet. Will get to that one after I finish reading the physical books that I have from him.
The POSIX standard defines ed as one of the editors that must be present for a system to be standard complaint, the other being vi I believe. You can always expect ed to be available to you on a Unix system.
It is true that all certified Unix systems follows POSIX, but it doesn't mean that non-certified systems are forbidden to follow POSIX. Most Linux distributions have ways to turn to 98% compliant, and BSDs have always strive to follow POSIX.
I wonder what benefit the certification has these days. IIUC, it used to be a requirement for contracts from large corporations and government agencies, but these days the number of commercial Unix systems is fairly small, and RHEL is so common in those environments, I wonder if it there's still places where it's required.