The Mexican cities topping the chart have very little immigration, while many safe Asian cities like Singapore, Hong Kong, Dubai have huge amounts of immigration from all over the world.
Singapore, Hong Kong and Dubai are all places that practice extreme police/state overreach unacceptable by western standards. I don't consider a city that will have a person flogged for littering a safe place.
You will not get flogged for littering in any of those, although Singapore famously does have judicial caning for intentional vandalism. And unlike the US, you are extremely unlikely to get shot by the police.
Edit: It's applied rarely and only for egregious cases, eg breaking into a depot to spray-paint subway cars and getting caught on CCTV doing it. There are plenty of things to criticize about Singapore (for one, there's a lot less oversight on prisoners getting caned as an administrative punishment), but the way they handle vandalism isn't really at the top of my list, not least because it's remarkably effective.
"a city that will have a person flogged for littering"
Isn't this mostly a myth? You will get fined for littering in Singapore just like elsewhere, though their fines are higher and the police arguably enforces laws against littering more eagerly than in the West. Caning (not flogging) is reserved for more serious offences (IIRC the lightest one is vandalism.)
Dubai employs flogging, but for Shariah offences, not for littering.
Hong Kong doesn't use judicial corporeal punishment at all.
Yes. The normal punishment for littering in Singapore is a fine, while repeat offenders may get Corrective Work Orders, meaning having to pick trash off roads while wearing a yellow flouro vest saying so. Caning is not on the menu.