[jmoorebeek]

While a container ship doesn't have a keel per-se, it does have about 200m of flat plate length sticking into the water. At small angles, that flat plate can actually have a decent lift to drag ratio. Historic sailing vessels also made do without a modern wing-keel, so our current plan is that the container ship can crab into the wind by less than a degree to produce all of the side force required to maintain a steady course.

[Rorando]

Yeah a classic keel is not needed for bigger vessels as long as GM is low enough. One big difference between sail ships and modern ones is the increased air draft which effects the lift to drag ratio. Looking at your answers so far, I assume you've considered this already.

[jmoorebeek]

Yes, I can't say that we have absolutely everything figured out so far, but we have a decently complete model. Windage, changes to draught, and GM are already factored into our models at the root level, and while we may need to still tweak things we aren't waiting to be surprised by their effects.