Its not the looping itself that is slow in the article you linked, its that every element is appended to the list.
If you use a list comprehension its even faster and it still loops over all elements of the list.
As you can see from the third last instruction, a listcomp does append individual elements to the list. What it doesn’t need to do is call a method to do so (let alone lookup the corresponding method).
No, AFAIK each for loop iteration appends and pops the stack in the interpreter, while map loops all entirely in the native implementation of the interpreter itself.