I think Claude is correct on the merits (Claude’s awesome in general)
Without more context about the speeds of the bus and racecar, I cannot determine which vehicle was going fastest based on the given statement. Simply saying that the bus passed the racecar does not provide enough information to compare their speeds.
This is true, the question isn't inconsistent with the bus and the racecar travelling in opposite directions, it's just implied that they're going in the same direction.
Without more context about the speeds of the bus and racecar, I cannot determine which vehicle was going fastest based on the given statement. Simply saying that the bus passed the racecar does not provide enough information to compare their speeds.