From what I've heard on DarkNet Diaries, the UK courts seem quite good at picking up intelligent youngsters involved in hacking and giving them a chance to move into cybersecurity.
The UK has a few pretty good schemes (e.g. Cyber Prevent) that try to intervene and stop young people before they get landed with a criminal record for (lower level) cyber crime - at one point the average age at time of arrest was 17.