[mikevin]

This might be a bit extreme but if you really want to learn bottom-up I would suggest nand2tetris https://www.nand2tetris.org/ It's not about networking but it's a good way to understand the picture from electrons wiggling to a basic computer. It involves all the layers below Linux basically and a little bit of overlap. I'm not sure how much it will help in your network programming goals but it's not that hard to do and helped me a lot with fundamentals and knowing which parts of a system are responsible for what.

For more direct help I believe Beej's guide to network programming is greatly recommended https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/