[anticensor]

Turkish chambers of engineers are regulated as trade associations with mandatory membership, not as labor unions. Trade associations in Turkey are semi-governmental whereas unions in Turkey are non-governmental, hence this distinction matters a lot here.

[hezralig]

Do unions exist in Turkey or are these trade associations essentially non-legally protected unions?

[anticensor]

Unions exist in Turkey, as a separate type of entity. In fact, Turkish unions even participate in the national minimum wage and public service pay coefficient negotiations.