The distinction is just because you "don't care" about the values right now, nothing stops the next developer (including future you) from needing the values.
So now you've gone from not caring to "enabling someone to shoot themselves in the foot" if they don't read the types of the parameters carefully. That's the difference.
The case I was trying to convey doesn’t narrow the actual type for anything outside its own function body. Any footgun that exists after the function call already existed before it. It just implies “I’m only looking at your keys not your values”.
I gathered what you meant. My point is what stops the next developer working on your codebase from adding code in the body of your function that accesses the values of the object in an unsafe way?