[crabbone]

No. it's not the approach OP recommends. And that's why it's called validation. I have no idea why would you question that. OP wants to capture constraints on data as ML-style types. But, ML-style types have very limited expressive power, and, when it comes to real-life situation are practically useless outside of the most trivial cases.

[mrkeen]

> No. it's not the approach OP recommends.

It absolutely is.

> I have no idea why would you question that.

I did not question [that they were different approaches], I explained, through example and counter-example, why they were the same approach. I will try again.

Alexis wrote both 'validate' and 'parse' examples in ML-style types:

    validateNonEmpty :: [a] -> IO ()            // ML-typed 'validate'

    parseNonEmpty :: [a] -> IO (NonEmpty a)     // ML-typed 'parse'

More from the article:

    The difference lies entirely in the return type: validateNonEmpty always returns (), the type that contains no information, but parseNonEmpty returns NonEmpty a, a refinement of the input type that preserves the knowledge gained in the type system. Both of these functions check the same thing, but parseNonEmpty gives the caller access to the information it learned, while validateNonEmpty just throws it away.

I chose OO-style types for my samples, because there's a large fraction of HN users who dismiss ML-ish stuff as academic, or "practically useless outside of the most trivial cases".

    // OO-typed 'validate' (my straw man)
    class User {
        // returns void aka '()' aka "the type that contains no information"
        void validateUser() throws InvalidUserEx {...}          
    }

    /* OO-typed 'parse' (as per my baeldung link)
     * "gives the caller access to the information it learned"
     * In this case it gives back MORE than just the User,
     * it also gives back 'why it went wrong', per your request above for password validation
     * (In contrast with parseNonEmpty which just throws an exception.)
     */
    class UserValidator {
        Validation<Seq<String>, User> validateUser(...) {...}   
    }

> But, ML-style types have very limited expressive power

Hindley-Milner types are a godddamned crown-jewel of computer science.