oh yah! Nürnberger Bratwurst is guaranteed to be produced in Nuremberg, Germany. They go after you if you produce it outside. same for Dresdner Stollen and quite some more regional products.
Yes, the regional products in Europe for sure. But a whole country and all products? I can imagine that Japan would do something like this, as it is usually synonymous with quality (as Swiss is) and they do not want brand dilution.
Whole country, yes, but only select products, greece for example has Feta [eAmbrosia]
I doubt this ever is "for all products" though. As this is an international regulation I intuit you have to register in some appropriate international body for protection, no?