The output part is basically nonsense. It would be more honest if the output was a text. E.g. "Teddybear" instead of a bad image of a random teddybear.
In this specific case I agree, since the model may be overfitted, it seems like it's currently just a glorified object classifier based on what was in the training data, but the fact that it works at all may indicate that the underlying idea has merit. They would probably have to train a much larger network to see if it's able to separate features distinctly enough using the input fMRI data to be useful.
The problem is that it's impossible to know what is in the fMRI data and what is hallucinated by the reconstruction.
In this case, the real bear has a blue ribbon and the "reconstructed" bear ha a red ribbon. Is the ribbon in the fMRI data and the computer choose the wrong color, or most of the images in the training set had ribbons and the computer just added one.
Imagine this something like this is used in the future to get something like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_composite . People may give too much importance to the details and arrest someone only because the computer imagined some detail, like the logo in the baseball cap.
> Imagine this something like this is used in the future to get something like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_composite . People may give too much importance to the details and arrest someone only because the computer imagined some detail, like the logo in the baseball cap.
Wow, tech not working to tech might kill someone went super fast here.
In the real world when tech doesn't work people die.
OP is right to be concerned. This kind of tech (magickal mind-reading AI?!) is going to be bought up by security agencies, who wiil not understand its limitations and misuse it to accuse people of crimes they aren't related to.
There is ample precedent. Just for one recent example see plans to use an "AI lie detector" based on discredited pseudo-science at EU borders:
The picture is a high resolution image than make the system look accurate. They don't use the AI buzzword, but my guess it's only a mater of time. Anyway, the important paragraph is
> Seeing the composite image with no context or knowledge of DNA phenotyping, can mislead people into believing that the suspect looks exactly like the DNA profile. “Many members of the public that see this generated image will be unaware that it's a digital approximation, that age, weight, hairstyle, and face shape may be very different, and that accuracy of skin/hair/eye color is approximate,” Schroeder said.
It's not an object classifier at all. They had to text-prompt the system, first. I think the general idea is using the fMRI data as the pseudorandom initialization for the latent diffusion model to explore.
From what I understand, regular Stable Diffusion starts by generating a noise and then hallucinating modifications of that noise to make less noise. The more you let it run, the better the results.
So instead of just starting with a meaningless random noise, they're using the fMRI data to start. But if you didn't have the text prompt, you wouldn't get the right image. If you were looking at a cat but told it you were looking at a house, you'd probably end up with a small house, similar to one in its training set, positioned roughly where the cat was located in the original image.
Briefly reading the paper, it seems they trained 2 models (using data from different stages in the visual cortex) to generate latent vectors for both the visual and textual representations of the fMRA data, then feed those into Stable Diffusion. Those are the models that would be overfit in this case, so instead of those models being able to encode features like "toy, animal, fluffy, brown, ears, nose, arms, legs" individually, it's likely just encoding all of those features combined into a generic "teddy bear" because the input dataset is too small. Obviously this is an oversimplification, but hopefully you get what I mean. I didn't mean it was literally an object classifier, but that the nature of a model like this, with a dataset so small, it does not have to ability to extrapolate fine details. With a larger dataset and more training, it may be able to actually do that.
Largely agree with this, although I think it would be interesting to formulate in terms of: "what is the mutual information between the fMRI scan and the stimulus".
i.e) is there actually more information than a few bits encoding a crude object category, which stable diffusion then hallucinates the rest (/ uses to regurgitate an over-fit image)?
Or are there many bits, corresponding spatially to different regions of the stimulus - allowing for some meaningful degree of generalization.