[achow]

In intentional camera movement (ICM), a camera is moved during the exposure for a creative or artistic effect. This causes the image points to move across the recording medium, producing an apparent streaking in the resulting image.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement

[chongli]

Ahhh so this is different from camera movements [1] used in large format photography to manipulate the focal plane and achieve various effects. These movements take place only before the exposure, not during.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View_camera#Movements

[jakzurr]

Fairly common, also.

Consider panning, in sports photography, where you track a player in a field while the background blurs from side to side. Also in motor sports, some nature photography, or any time a photographer wants a motion effect, perhaps in street photography, or even snapshots at family events.

Edit: similar effect in travel photos, where someone shoots from a moving vehicle - far background might look fairly stable, near background (cyclists & vehicles) blur, people in your vehicle might be stable, depending on shutter speed and how much bouncing on the road.

[davchana]

One pretty easy (I didn't know the name at that time) example is, a still person in front of a moving train (at station for example). E.g. https://www.instagram.com/p/BPpyrCMhwN_/?igshid=NmE0MzVhZDY=

[kqr]

Though this is moving background, not moving camera.