Agreed, my understanding is that Datalog has a distinct (though related) lineage that directly emerged from Prolog (i.e. logic programming, not relational algebra / database theory) - skimming the introduction of "Horn Clauses and the Fixpoint Query Hierarchy (1982)" seems to confirm this: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/588111.588137
Edit: this presentation describes things differently but it doesn't sound quite right to me "Chandra and Harel - 1982
Studied the expressive power of logic programs without
function symbols on relational databases" https://www.dbai.tuwien.ac.at/datalog2.0/slides/Kolaitis.pdf
Yeah I'm not up on the Prolog history side of things. My info is based on the Wikipedia article for Fixed Point Logic: "Least fixed-point logic was first studied systematically by Yiannis N. Moschovakis in 1974,[1] and it was introduced to computer scientists in 1979, when Alfred Aho and Jeffrey Ullman suggested fixed-point logic as an expressive database query language.[2]" [2] = Universality of Data Retrieval Languages : https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/567752.567763
Yeah, if the OP can give a reference I'd be very interested, too. I've searched for the "original" reference to datalog because I wanted to cite it, but I couldn't find anything like that.
I have a sneaking suspicion that "function-free Prolog" is as old as ordinary Prolog, and "datalog", as an idea separate to Prolog and used as a database language, was born in the database community, but like the OP I have no reference to this.
Edit: this presentation describes things differently but it doesn't sound quite right to me "Chandra and Harel - 1982 Studied the expressive power of logic programs without function symbols on relational databases" https://www.dbai.tuwien.ac.at/datalog2.0/slides/Kolaitis.pdf