[IIAOPSW]

The rail industry is regulated. In certain ways over and in certain ways under. Eg, there's very little sense to the requirements a passenger train needs to reach to run on the same rails as freight, and Europe does it safely all the time.

[TylerE]

Not so much a matter of safety as that it’s the freight railroads that own the rails, whereas is most of Europe the infrastructure is mostly government owned, or in some cases was and is now (sorta) privatized but still under a sort of open access model.

[IIAOPSW]

That's a different, orthogonal issue. Look it up there's a bunch of tedious FRA rules about crash-worthiness which Europe doesn't have. It makes the trains which can legally run needlessly expensive and they wear out the tracks faster. The rules don't apply to metros and subways, but if the tracks have any switch anywhere connecting to the national network then FRA rules apply to the whole system. The result is that planners can't extend their metro via shared freight corridors. There are plenty of regulations already, and in some cases they are clearly counterproductive. Proposing to solve things by putting more regs on the pile is a dubious proposition.

[wkat4242]

Do metros in the US even use the same gauge as trains? Here in Europe they're almost always smaller gauge so sharing isn't an option.

The exception here in Barcelona is Line 1 which is a wider gauge than all the other lines, for historical reasons though it doesn't share any tracks (but lays right beside the train ones at some stations)

[IIAOPSW]

For the most part yes. Post below me named some exceptions, but in general the US has done a better job than Europe at standardizing rail gauges everywhere. New York runs at standard gauge, and that alone accounts for about 1/3 of all the metro rail on the continent.

[wkat4242]

Yeah Europe is a total mess. Signalling systems, rail gauges. True.

PS I didn't know the NYC metro was so big compared to the rest. Wow.

[ThePowerOfFuet]

Gauge is basically irrelevant, as the signalling is entirely different between mainline and urban (ASFA/ETCS vs TrainGuard MT in the case you're mentioning, and I have no idea what the FGC uses). Also, urban is typically closed network where the infra and rolling stock are all under the control of the same entity, whereas in mainline that is generally not the case.

[TylerE]

It's all over the place. Probably standard gauge is most common, but there's tons of variation. For instance, the DC Metro is slighly (like a half inch) narrower than standard gauge, but SF BART is MUCH wider, something like 8 inches.

[jessaustin]

It isn't regulated in ways that matter. We're down to five Class I American freight railroads. (So we're not quite to Klobuchar's monopoly board... just wait!) Their networks overlap even less than one might think, so there is effectively no competition. Asshole billionaires like Warren Buffett aren't even trying to provide good service, because they figure they make more money burying the organizations under mountains of debt, which is why they have paid the Biden administration to crush their union employees. Over the last several decades, rail freight charges and derailments have exploded while the amount of freight shipped has actually dropped. That's one of the main reasons we have to contend with so many semi trucks on our highways.

In many industries, commercial competitors discover when regulators have shirked their duties. In the rail industry, with no effective competition, many theoretical regulations are not actually enforced. This problem has gotten worse over time.

Your concerns about Amtrak may be valid, but they are orthogonal to the topic at hand.