It should be noted that in the EU, interchange fees are limited, by law[1] to 0.2% for debit cards and 0.3% for credit cards.
It was an interesting consequence of Brexit that (certain) interchange fees shot right up to 1.5% in the UK. [2]
[1]: https://cms.law/en/bgr/publication/eu-cap-on-interchange-fee...
[2]: https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-payments-watchdog-review...