[Symbiote]

The London system makes a single charge at the end of each day, to reduce possible fees incurred by foreign cards etc.

I think they set up a special protocol with Visa and Mastercard to allow this.

[tobylane]

> I think they set up a special protocol with Visa and Mastercard to allow this.

Yes, called Contactless Transit Framework. https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/policy-and-guidance/reports-pub...