[mikewarot]

Long ago I did some experiments with SuperResolution[1] which is a technique of aligning images to sub-pixel resolution and stacking them to increase the amount of information with the square root of the number of exposures.

I was using Hugin to align the images from my Nikon DSLR. I found that you can get to at least double the resolution in both dimensions fairly quickly, but you'll never get to "enhance" like in TV shows.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-resolution_imaging

[kuschku]

Modern cameras use the optical image stabilization for pixel shift photography, where you can get up to 9× the normal sensor resolution (by moving the sensor slightly).

[astrange]

Of course, for this to work nothing else about the camera or the scene can move, or else you need a lot of smarts to realign the image and ignore the parts of the image that aren't registering anymore. This is typically pretty difficult for an outdoor photo.