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Not a lawyer either, but this doesn't appear to statutorily require intent. This is the relevant law[1]. I think the easiest way to prosecute this would be under the "authentication features" section: (1) the term “authentication feature” means any hologram, watermark, certification, symbol, code, image, sequence of numbers or letters, or other feature that either individually or in combination with another feature is used by the issuing authority on an identification document, document-making implement, or means of identification to determine if the document is counterfeit, altered, or otherwise falsified If he had replicated any of those things, he committed a crime just by making the ID. Using the ID likely has additional penalties, but just making it is a felony by itself. It seems likely he did, because I think missing seals and watermarks (if those existed at the time) would stand out as obvious to a secret service agent or the TSA. 1: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1028 |