Windows has the robocopy command. It is something like rsync, and it's faster than a normal copy. You have to enable multithreading with the /MT:n parameter.
It’s rsync in that it can sync directories in various ways, but AFAIK it doesn’t have its ability to send partial files if the target already has part of it.
“The rsync utility uses an algorithm invented by Australian computer programmer Andrew Tridgell for efficiently transmitting a structure (such as a file) across a communications link when the receiving computer already has a similar, but not identical, version of the same structure.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync#Algorithm:
“The rsync utility uses an algorithm invented by Australian computer programmer Andrew Tridgell for efficiently transmitting a structure (such as a file) across a communications link when the receiving computer already has a similar, but not identical, version of the same structure.”