Fun trivia: I got a Emacs user to switch to Vim because in one of our class projects using Prolog, Emacs kept trying to highlight it as Perl (though it might be valid Perl syntax now that I think about it…). When I showed him that Vim did that for an empty file, but if it detected "Prolog-y" content (IIRC, the comment marker or a `:-` did it), it defaulted to Prolog highlighting.
No idea if Emacs ever fixed it (this was 2009 or so).
Yes, it looks like modern Prolog systems using ".pl". I checked Ciao, GNU Prolog (which recognizes ".pl" and ".pro"), SICStus Prolog (also ".pl" and .pro"), SWI-Prolog, and B-Prolog.
The documentation for SWI-Prolog 5.10 (2010) even says "Tradition calls for .pl, but conflicts with Perl force the use of another extension on systems where extensions have global meaning, such as MS-Windows. On such systems .pro is the common alternative." https://www.swi-prolog.org/download/stable/doc/SWI-Prolog-5.....
Thing is, I can't confirm that tradition predates Perl 4 - call it 1993.
.pro is also common for Prolog code, if you care about the extension clash.