[listening]

from the article: "presumptively illegal"

Who wrote this?

Do they mean "presumptively infringement"?

My understanding is that copyright is enforced by the copyright holder, not the state (unless of course they are the copyright holder).

As such, infringement is not a "crime". Hence it is not "illegal". There is no violation of copyright "law". Infringement is a violation of someone's copyright, a right to sue granted by the government. A private right of action is created.

Simply put, the copyright holder can sue for damages. They may or may not choose to do so.

Is this incorrect?

Is there a criminal statute covering such copyrighted works as discussed in the article?

Apologies for my ignorance.