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Expanding on trait objects: these are implemented as "V-Tables", structs holding pointers to the trait's methods and to the underlying type. This means that if you need to know what the underlying type, you have to do something fancy, usually referred to as "reflection". Also, invocation of generic functions that use V-Tables require "chasing pointers", which makes cache locality worse (because data might not be in the same cache read as the v-table itself), but makes the generated binary smaller (because if you have something like Foo<T> used with 1000 types, with monomorphization you end up with 2000 generated types in the binary, instead of 1001 with trait objects).