[shakow]

> PHP has alternative VMs and specialized servers for serving it fast and in encrypted manner (they are closed sourced), tho.

Well, if they are not public, it does not really have any influence on language specification.

> Kotlin runs on JVM, which has at least three fully compliant implementations.

And Rust runs on x86 which has myriad of implementations; still, we're talking about the language compiler, not the underlying runtime.

> Erlang is a specialized language and telecommunications platform. It’s something different.

How so? It's a language built over a runtime, just like Java. I don't see how the specifics of the runtime have to do with anything.