Today’s managed languages are very fast. For example, if Java is not fast enough for your HFT algorithm, than nor is C++ or generic CPUs even! You have to go the custom chip route then. Where there is a significant difference between these categories is memory usage and predictability of performance. (In other applications, e.g. video codecs you will have to write assembly by hand in the hot loops, since here low-level languages are not low level enough). Since these concerns not apply to compilers, I don’t think that a significant performance difference would be observable between, say a java and zig implementation of a certain compiler.
Today’s managed languages are very fast. For example, if Java is not fast enough for your HFT algorithm, than nor is C++ or generic CPUs even! You have to go the custom chip route then. Where there is a significant difference between these categories is memory usage and predictability of performance. (In other applications, e.g. video codecs you will have to write assembly by hand in the hot loops, since here low-level languages are not low level enough). Since these concerns not apply to compilers, I don’t think that a significant performance difference would be observable between, say a java and zig implementation of a certain compiler.