[TheOtherHobbes]

Einstein completely transformed physics with some stand-out papers - most written as a patent clerk - and then spent the rest of his career producing almost nothing of interest. He commented on other work at conferences and in letters, but there were no more huge breakthroughs.

In modern academia that would be a terrible record.

But giving him tenure was a smart bet, because he might have produced more.

It's the Sabine Hossenfelder problem. Should physics fund incremental research which is a fairly safe bet in employment terms? Or should the money go on talented and creative researchers who may waste most of it - but one or two may produce something transformative?

Academia is heavily slanted towards the former approach. Because academia is now a business and has the same bureaucratic and corporate values as other bureaucratic corporations.

This is terrible for original research, because smart people need to given a free hand to follow their intuitions and interests.

Being able to afford to explore, play, and potentially fail would transform physics.

Because in reality academia is producing a lot of failure anyway, without the upsides of transformative new insights.

[raattgift]

> almost nothing of interest

> terrible record

> might have produced more

You do not seem to have much knowledge of his publication record.

Here is a list of 272 journal articles by Einstein and coauthors, the majority of which would certainly be considered peer reviewed by modern standards.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_publication...

From just these papers, among the things you put into the bucket of "not huge breakthroughs" were (in small length scales) Bose-Einstein statistics and Bose-Einstein condensates (notably his 1924 and 1925 papers), his atomic emission and absorption theory (the "stimulated emission" in laSEr), and his paper with Podolsky & Rosen and (in large length scales) General Relativity, Einstein gravitational lensing, the Friedmann-Einstein and Einstein-de Sitter expanding universe cosmological models.

[robochat]

Actually, Einstein's 1935 paper along with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen basically highlighted the existence of entanglement in Quantum Mechanics. Of course Einstein was trying to show that QM was wrong via the EPR paradox but although reality has since proven him wrong, it was still a major paper written decades after his more famous work.

[steppi]

I don’t disagree with your main point, but I’ve actually seen Einstein cited as someone who had a long scientific peak. He first transformed physics during the 1905 miracle year and then again in 1915 after completing the theory of general relativity. From what I understand, special relativity was built upon the work of Lorenz and Poincaré, and likely would have been discovered only a little later without Einstein, but general relativity was a staggeringly original achievement. The University of Zurich’s bet paid off more than well when they granted Einstein tenure in 1909. His best work was still in the future.

[bmitc]

I agree with you. Einstein published general relativity when he was 38-ish around 1917 or so, over a decade after his miracle year in which he revolutionized or kickstarted several domains in relativity, Brownian motion, and quantum mechanics. Even in the year of publishing general relativity, he basically kickstarted the principle behind lasers.

I mean general relativity is one of the most tested and verified physical theories, and it was practically done all by Einstein himself. It’s a hallmark of a theory. That alone is worth everything, and yet he was also the genesis for several other fields, both before and after general relativity.

Einstein is not a great example for this discussion. Even his “failures” are useful contributions. Many here are missing the point in that it is failures that we should not be afraid of funding, within reason of course. I.e., it’s okay if a promising idea “fails”. It is input to the broader research community and questions.

[madsbuch]

Maybe the trick is to do the y-combinator of research?

In the startup world it is widely believed that a bit of hardship is needed to show dedication.

1. Make the application process much simpler

2. Support with smaller amounts, individual subsistence salary

3. Provide the right placing in the right environment.

[atsuzaki]

What you're describing there is called grad school

[magic_hamster]

Einstein is really a great example for when your past success does not translate to future endeavors and I even considered mentioning him in another comment.

I know a few institutions where exploring and playing is a standard procedure, however they aren't many. And even this has a limit because science is expensive. So you need a way to know which silly ideas to pursue and how to best utilize your resources and budget.

[esparrohack]

Nah. The big 4 were written in 1905 . It was like in the 1920s or something that he worked on general relativity and wormholes.

Everything else I’m not going to read because it’s just bleeding heart nonsense.

[gatane]

Economy is always finite, sadly. Sometimes it may be just bad administration (inefficient, low funds, etc), but then you have to deal with politics, and thats another whole show...