I always have to share this video on threads like these: https://youtu.be/kdMG40wUCm4. Maybe you’ve seen it - interview with a senior Java developer in 2022.
true, but nothing (besides how entrenched sh is) prevents replacing it with a real language. you don't need to use a posix shell in your terminal, any REPL that can launch executables will do. i used tclsh as my shell for a while, for instance.