[stewoconnor]

It is up to the code handling the abilities to decide in which order to handle the abilities (or to handle them all at once).

I can't think of any cases where it would make a difference in which order they were handled, however. Can you?

I think perhaps it might in the case where abilities themselves were able to make requests of other abilities, but that's not something allowed by our type system currently

[dwohnitmok]

> I can't think of any cases where it would make a difference in which order they were handled, however. Can you?

Presumably

  someAction : '{Choose, Abort} a

if it's handled by `Choose.toList` and then `Abort.toOptional` in that order you end up with `Optional [a]` whereas if you do in the other order you have `[Optional a]` right?

N.B. the reason this is theoretically important is that `someAction` may be written with the assumption of e.g. certain short-circuiting behavior in mind and the "wrong" order of handlers might cause different short-circuiting behavior. In other words there's no consistent semantic interpretation you can assign to `someAction` even if you establish certain invariants that your abilities and ability handlers individually satisfy, since the global configuration of your ability handler changes what `someAction` means.

I think the jury is still out on whether this is a practical issue for any language that doesn't try to focus too hard on code having formal semantics (which is most real-world languages). I can definitely craft "real-looking" code that would be buggy depending on the order of handlers, but I'm not personally sure how much of a problem that actually would be for people familiar with the issue.

[stewoconnor]

Thanks for the reply :)

> if it's handled by `Choose.toList` and then `Abort.toOptional` in that order you end up with `Optional [a]` whereas if you do in the other order you have `[Optional a]` right?

I mean, not necessarily. Something that handles a `'{Abort} a` doesn't necessarily produce an `Optional a`. It could produce a Boolean, it could produce an Int, whatever. This is really up to the handler. But I still don't see how you produce a "bug" because you can dispatch the requests to abilities in either order. You couldn't, for example, ever produce a (well-typed) situation where a call to abort doesn't abort, or a call to Choose.toList would fail to produce a list. (Perhaps if toList were allowed to also use {Abort} but it is not)

[dwohnitmok]

Maybe I'm misunderstanding how abilities work, but I think I can break Exception.bracket with this right?

I think if I pass something that has e.g. `{Abort, Exception, IO}` to `bracket` and then handle Exception before Abort, my Abort handler can break out of `bracket` before the finalizer action can run.

More generally I must always process any ability with a "bracket"-like function last to prevent this from happening right? And if I have multiple abilities that all have "bracket"-like functions they can step on each other's toes?

Even more generally I think any sort of "scoped" function in an ability has this problem.

This theoretically seems scary (imagine you have some big complicated action that does some bracket deep under the covers to e.g. release file handles; if I handle abilities in the wrong order the file handles might not ever be released, even if I have individually reasonable ability-handler pairs that locally don't do anything silly), but I'm not sure practically how often this comes up, and how much "just always handle Exception last" fixes that (i.e. how unlikely it is for any other ability to have a bracket function).

[zawodnaya]

This is true, if you write `bracket` for e.g. `Exception`, then you can break out of the bracket with `abort` if your bracket doesn't handle aborts.

So if you want to be really sure of resource cleanup, you should use something like the `Resource` ability to acquire resources:

https://share.unison-lang.org/@runarorama/code/latest/namesp...

[dwohnitmok]

Got it. But you're locked into IO and Exception then and can't use any other abilities right? I guess you could always convert back and forth at the `run` boundary.

Also I would suggest removing Exception.bracket from base then, or at least changing the file handle example for Exception.bracket, since it seems a tad dangerous.