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Exchanges don't need to act as long duration custodians for them to serve their purpose or be profitable. Exchanges will make a profit from trading fees. They can attract capital and liquidity via market maker fee rebates. You can trickle your capital through an exchange to make a large trade incrementally and only ever risk an arbitrarily small percentage of your total capital. There are ways to run exchanges in a much less sketchy way, that while not perfect, would make the kind of horrific abuse of customer funds that FTX did not possible. For example, merkle tree proof of reserves.