When working with LIDAR scanning systems (Total systems etc) that generate a point cloud, this is exactly what you'd do. Affix a target or fiducial (a pattern you can apply to a surface that shows up in the scan, either because it's very reflective or because it has a high contrast pattern on it), and use those as reference points to stitch your clouds together.
yeah, this is how things used to be done maybe 10y ago. Spheres (good for 360 symmetry) or checkerboard stickers. Problem is, nobody will probably allow You to put stickers onto the interior of the Great Pyramid.
These days there's a shift towards automatic "stitching" (scan registration) on an accompanying device (tablet or a laptop).
Here's a demo of Trimble X7 (about 3y old product). Full disclosure - I worked on part of this. Not sure how much I can go in detail, but the video shows a pretty good basic demo of how this works: