[noduerme]

It may or may not be a 1:1 image, but I think it's significant that in both cases, with different seeds, what is directly behind / right of the watermark is a pretty similar building with different distortions applied to it. I'm not sure what the difference is between "learning" from a particular image and encoding that image with a lot of compression, when in either case the usage more or less reliably reconstructs the image algorithmically.

If I have a photographic memory and I memorize the Coca Cola logo and then draw it into a commercial work by decoding the firing of my neurons into muscle movements, the storage and retrieval method I used has no bearing on whether I infringed on their copyright.