[inglor_cz]

It surprises me because it goes against my lived experience. When I grew up in late Communist and early post-Communist Czechoslovakia and later Czechia, it was absolutely taken for granted that we are poorer than Spain and have much lower buying power. As late as 2004, I felt it in my wallet when I stayed in Barcelona for a cryptographic workshop - everything was so much more expensive than back home.

IDK what do you mean by "natural state". There are too many counterexamples. Ireland or Norway used to be comparably poor countries in the early 1900s, Slovakia was seriously underdeveloped etc. What is the "natural state" of Spain in your opinion? An Arab colony, a center of a huge empire, or a military dictatorship? The country has gone through so many iterations during its existence.

"Poor" is a word that has two meanings. No one in their sane mind would call Spain absolutely poor, like Niger or Afghanistan is. But relative poverty is psychologically damaging too. If other countries progress faster than you, you are slowly moving towards the end of the wealth distribution in your common club. And people don't like that.