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by bdbenton 1352 days ago
Mesopotamian history is fascinating and deserves a lot more attention. It is the oldest root of human civilization itself and gives us insight into the most fundamental aspects of what civilization is today.

War is not the only means of conquest. Vietnam was manufacturing and drinking Coca-Cola in the 1960s, and as mentioned here, Germanic religion was interwoven with Christian culture during the Roman conquest of Europe.

One interesting and obscure connection is the origin of the words "hell" and "hall", as "hall" means "covered place" and "valhalla" means "hall of the dead" from Old Norse.

However, the original Hebrew and Greek is often "גֵּיהִנּוֹם‎" or "γέεννα" meaning "the valley of Hinnom." This is a physical place near Jerusalem where bodies denied a proper burial were burned, and some suggest it was even a region where human sacrifices took place.

You may be very surprised at what you find when you look into the origins of things that are taken for granted. Everything has some sort of origin, and historical roots can run very deep. Without looking at things on a deeper level, you are at the mercy of the surface-level understanding from your surrounding culture.

2 comments

> One interesting and obscure connection is the origin of the words "hell" and "hall", as "hall" means "covered place" and "valhalla" means "hall of the dead" from Old Norse.

It's not clear what connection you have in mind. You could make the case that "hell" and "hall" are connected to each other through their ancient ancestry, but "hell" is no more closely related to "valhalla" than it is to "hall". "Valhalla" is just a word that includes "hall".

Valhǫll in Old Norse comes from valr and hǫll -- literally "hall of dead warriors". Hǫll is reconstructed in Proto-Germanic as hallō, itself from the Proto-Indo-European root ḱel, meaning "to cover".

Consider the Norse Hel (both the underworld and the name of the deity ruling over it). Compare with Old English hell, from Proto-Germanic haljō, from Proto-Indo-European ḱelnó, "room", in turn from the root ḱel -- "to cover".

That's interesting! My personal folk-etymological conjecture had long been that "val" had had a proto-germanic sense of "big", leading to to other modern words like Walroß or Walfisch.

Your comment sent me on a brief etymological excursion and the words sadly are indeed utterly unrelated.

I still can't tell what point you want to make. English hell and Norse Hel are the same thing. But Norse Hel and Norse Valhalla aren't, unless you want to trace them back to proto-Indo-European *kel. There's not a connection between hell and Valhalla.
Consider that languages don't develop in isolation, and both the pre-conquest inhabitatns of the Isles and the Saxons had regular interactions with the Norse, where its religious/spiritual connotations could very easily have just become a cognate.
That have any relation to the word Armageddon as well?

Yes ancient cultures are fascinating and should be more relevant in the zeitgeist; especially in respect to their knowledge and sophistication in thinking.

Armageddon comes from "Har Megiddo," an actual place of strategic importance and hence the site of many battles named before the name took on apocalyptic connotations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Megiddo

to add to wl's comment, armageddon took on the meaning of an apocolyptic battle because it was mentioned in the Book of Revelations as the site of the final battle.

"Apocalypse" is also a great word. It means literally "the lifting of the veil" or removing the covering, so you can see what is underneath.

True story: I was once on vacation in Greece, and saw a strip club called Apocalypse. Based on the signage, they meant that in the sense of revealing hidden pleasures rather than some final battle, but I could also see some ways that visiting that club could lead to a nasty showdown.

It's exactly the same as "revelation". That word also comes from re-, "to strip back", and "veil". The strip club being called "revelation" also has the same double entendre.

A strip club being called "αποκάλυψη" would bring to mind, literally a revelation of something.

> "Apocalypse" ... means literally "the lifting of the veil" ...

You have just made weddings vastly more entertaining.