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> since when russia was an enemy of europe?

It's hard to give a precise date since Europe was torn by so many wars over centuries, but when it comes to the present situation, I'd say it was the Bolshevik Revolution. European countries were afraid the communist movement spreads everywhere - and in fact it became quite popular in several countries.

Then, after WWII, Russia established their military bases in all of Eastern Europe and after that the Cold War begun. When the Berlin Wall fell, everybody was so happy because we really hoped it's the end of tension between Russia and the West. It didn't last long, though - Putin's speech in Munich in 2007 made it clear he has a completely different vision.

So, to briefly answer your question, for the most part of the last century, actually.