Nearly 100% have on-prem AD (full name: "Active Directory: Domain Services"). Azure AD is a separate identity provider -- to a first approximation it's HTTPS and cookies, not Kerberos, LDAP, and Ticket-Granting Tickets that we see on-prem.
NetIQ eDirectory tends to be the other big one. Although I am seeing a rise in companies not having an SSO solution recently at all. In fact some of the SMEs I've seen recently are running most of their stuff entirely via basic Microsoft O365 accounts or iCloud.
A lot of startups or smaller companies I've worked with are entirely on the Google stack (gmail, google drive). I imagine there's a scale when that option breaks, but I think it'd be fine until 50-100 employees.