[kepler1]

In the short-term, the factors well described by others above.

In the longer-term, is it the slow accumulation of a thousand cuts?

-- Brexit

-- Stagnating physical output of UK industry (aside from finance + healthcare)?

-- Aging population

-- Expensive living costs + recent inflation

I don't know how much each of these factors has contributed, or if there are other important factors missing above. But for me, having lived there and seen the general situation, the question is, how will the UK renew itself as a country from a long century of gradual decline?

[rwmj]

Combined with an unfair voting system that means the majority who support several progressive parties cannot outvote a unified minority. The US has the same voting system problem.