What is this syntax? I would have assume something like `[ $temp -gt 90000 ]` or `$((temp > 90000))`. Is the dollar here optional? Is this something bash specific?
Yes.
http://mywiki.wooledge.org/ArithmeticExpression#Arithmetic_C...
Yes.
http://mywiki.wooledge.org/ArithmeticExpression#Arithmetic_C...