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The most effective way is to be active in communities for the thing you want to be doing. Get a reputation as one of the people who know what they're doing. Eventually others will start reaching out to you privately when their companies are looking for new hires. If you get your foot in the door this way, your location becomes mostly irrelevant.

Sounds unusual, but I've previously gotten very well paid jobs in multiple startups through this kind of personal networking - you even get to skip most of the interview process. Meanwhile everything I applied to without any connections has been a wash.

Negotiations are much easier if you can deal with working as a US contractor, dropping most of your employment protection laws for more money.