[ska]

The DICOM standard stuff did have a lot of eyes on it, and was tuned toward fidelity which helps. It's not perfect, but what is.

MRI artifacts though are a whole can of worms, but fundamentally most of them come from a combination of the EM physics involved, and the reconstruction algorithm needed to produce an image from the frequency data.

I'm not sure what you mean by "image enhancement algorithm"; FLAIR is a pulse sequence used to suppress certain fluid signals, typically used in spine and brain.

Many of the bright spots you see in FLAIR are due to B1 inhomogeneity, iirc (it's been a while though)