Plugging a DOS game to an SDL(2) library won't "just work".
Some concepts are inherent to the hardware and the O/S.
Hardware example: EGA (not the case of doom, but of other, slightly older games) uses bitplanes, it's not just an array of byes; audio cards used specific drivers.
O/S: timers may need to be emulated, as the game may not have a straightforward game loop; due to this, even exiting cleanly may not be trivial to implement.
The SDL2 audio and video libraries are just shims against 9front drawing/audio functions, and often they just work.