[innocentoldguy]

Most Kanji have at least two ways to pronounce them, the On reading and the Kun reading. For example, 水 (meaning water) can be pronounced as both “Mizu” and “Sui.”

Some have a lot more. 下 has two On readings (Ka and Ge) and several Kun readings (Shita, Shimo, Moto, Sa, Kuda, and O).

While combinations typically do have one reading, some can have multiple readings, especially people’s names. Still, it is hard for learners to know which reading for individual Kanji’s are the right ones a lot of times.

EDIT: Fixed a couple of typos and a premature submit.

[contravariant]

While those readings might be technically possible, usually only a few of them form a known word. For instance 水 in isolation is (almost?) never pronounced 'sui'. To say it has 2 different pronunciations is a bit like pointing out 'ou' has about 4~5 different pronunciations in English.

[innocentoldguy]

Thanks for your reply. Maybe I can help clear this up a bit.

> "While those readings might be technically possible, usually only a few of them form a known word."

Are you suggesting that these various readings are academic and not commonly used? If so, that is incorrect. All the readings are used in common words.

Here are examples of both the On and Kun readings for the kanji 水 being used:

水道: Pronounced "suido" and means "water supply" or "water service."

水着: Pronounced "mizugi" and means "swimsuit."

Here are examples of both the On readings for the kanji 下 being used:

下降: Pronounced "kakou" and means "descent."

下水: Pronounced "gesui" and means "sewer."

Here are examples of all the Kun readings for the kanji 下 being used:

下着: Pronounced "shitagi" and means "underwear."

下々: Pronounced "shimojimo" and means "commoners" or "common people".

法の下 (can also be written as 法の元): Pronounced "hounomoto" and means "under the law."

下さい: Pronounced "kudasai" and means "please."

下りる: Pronounced "oriru" and means "to get off."

Your comparison to the various pronunciations of "ou" in English seems off as well. For example, if you mispronounce "cough" using the "ou" pronunciation of "rough," you'll sound weird but will most likely be understood. However, if you misread "oriru" (下りる) as "kariru," using the On reading "KA" instead of the correct Kun reading, you'd be verbalizing a completely different word. Instead of telling others you're getting off of something, you'd be saying you're borrowing something.

I'd characterize your example of "ou" as a mispronunciation in English, whereas your example in Japanese would be a misreading.

I hope this helps.

EDIT: Fixed a typo.

[contravariant]

Thanks for the detailed response. I think I do understand your point.

In my (limited) experience so far however I find myself remembering the words themselves, rather than work out their pronunciation from their constituent kanji. To me working from the pronunciations of the kanji themselves is like trying to pronounce 'cough' by fitting together pronunciations for 'c', 'ou', and 'gh' (all of which have several options interestingly enough).

[innocentoldguy]

I can see your point. Upvoting for your cordiality.