[hedora]

Not answering your questions directly, but it has been known for decades that fake sugars (NNS in the abstract) cause weight gain.

Since you asked about insulin response; (some?) artificial sweeteners seem to be safe for diabetics. There is no other group of people I can think of that should consider using these products.

On a somewhat related note, the soft drink industry has replaced some "diet" drinks with "light" versions that contain sugar and NNS.

I've found that this causes (intentional?) confusion, especially at restaurants, and multiple servers have inadvertently tried to serve our kids that stuff when we ordered things like "lemonade".

In addition to all the above, consuming NNS causes migraines for some people, and they interact badly with some medications. I disagree with the abstract's use of the term "presumed inert", but I suppose they are trying to be diplomatic.