[_8rlb]

I measured and split the latency between the main tasks of a single frame draw.

The main culprit was network delay as I am transmitting raw pixels (one u8 per pixel) compressed with zlib. That's a hit of ~140ms for half a screen.

Next in line is the screen refresh (unmeasured, perceived).

Then the optional post processing (~20ms for half a screen), and housekeeping, like keeping track of dirty regions (about as long).

Lastly writing to the framebuffer (less than 20ms, I don't remember exactly how long).

I took great care to optimise the process, and my next step was to transmit multiple pixels as a single u8 int, the physical display cannot render 255 distinct shades of gray.

[IshKebab]

Interesting. But updating one character should be much faster than updating the whole screen then surely since you don't have to send so much data?

By the way I suspect compressing multiple pixels into one is unnecessary - just quantise them and let the compression deal with it.

Also zlib is not designed for image compression. I'm sure there is something more suitable, e.g. QOI.

In fact, given that you're mostly compressing mono text I wouldn't be surprised if some kind of dynamic sprite atlas kind of system was better, like in JBIG2.

Anyway if it is network latency that seems like good news because you should be able to get it to near 0. What is the ping to the reader?

[_8rlb]

Apologies for the late reply @IshKebab, I read into your recommendations and they are very interesting.

If you wish you could copy your comment verbatim as an issue over here, so we can discuss it further: https://github.com/everydayanchovies/eink-vnc/issues

I will have a chance to test the ping tonight, possibly.

[_8rlb]

P.S. parent was right in doubting the claim, as a parallel connection from a client on a regular desktop refreshes at 30 HZ regardless of the size of the update.

The explanation is that I take end-to-end network measurements (from request of update to a full buffer of pixel bytes). That delay might be due to the slow processor on device, or an inefficiency in the networking code in my application.