[pbazarnik]

It is about rendering colors of the scene within the bounds of physical limits of display device color space.

Rendering to the display device screen uses perceptual intent: a conversion of color space of the display under some assumptions about screen viewing environment etc. [1]

With better models we can improve this conversion. Article mentions that large color differences are not perceived as acute as the current models (Riemman etc) suggested so new model could boost the color difference to achieve that higher acuity.

[1] https://blog.colorgate.com/en/rendering-intent-explained

[refulgentis]

This does not create more colors or mean displays or fabrics could have more colors or anything like that

Mental model for color space that keeps things on track is it's just like any 3D space. Here, we could say "distance space" like "color space" and two "distance spaces" are miles and kilometers, (two color spaces are RGB and $ONE_FOLLOWING_FROM_PAPER)

If we found the distance equation in distance space differed from expectations, due to interesting things about physical geometry, that wouldn't create new places.

Why? The map is not the territory. The physical space still exists as it did.

Moving from distance to color: the physical display gamut is the territory. The map is the color space.

If we discover our distance metric in the space is flawed, we'd measure distance between colors as different than before. That wouldn't create new colors in color space.

Source: I create color spaces