It would be crazy awesome if someone could figure out how to layer python underneath this. There is a very nice feature set in livebook that doesn't really exist in jupyter.
As others pointed out, the app uses wxWidgets for the UI and Elixir for backend, along with Phoenix. I think similar apps can be created using wxWidgets with Python by replacing Phoenix with another framework, maybe Flask or Django.
Yeah you could but it hasn't been done. I've struggled with jupyter/ipython for a decade. CRDTs like automerge and OTs exist, but they're not in jupyter.
It's simply put, not that easy to manage distributed live state in a sane fashion with python (see openstack), the programming model of the underlying language puts obstacles in your way. Meanwhile Erlang was created by a physicist who understood that the speed of light is a thing and consistency of data across distances is a real issue.