No, he started programming for children earlier, but the show Misterogers [sic] began in 1962 in Canada.
It later became Mister Rogers' Neighborhood [sic], which is what we know and remember him for today.
Some of the puppets he used were first introduced in Children's Corner in the 1950s, but the first show to carry his name, in any form, and starring him, was Misterogers in Canada.
More specifically and importantly, Misterogers in Canada was the first time Fred himself appeared on TV showing his face as a major character (and possiblly in any way) in a show.
It later became Mister Rogers' Neighborhood [sic], which is what we know and remember him for today.
Some of the puppets he used were first introduced in Children's Corner in the 1950s, but the first show to carry his name, in any form, and starring him, was Misterogers in Canada.